Selection and Adjustment of Alto Saxophone Reeds

I. Selection of Reeds  
When choosing reeds, pay attention to the following points to avoid random purchases:  
The model of alto saxophone reeds is primarily distinguished by hardness and suitability for different styles (classical, jazz, pop, etc.). Standards vary slightly between brands, but hardness is generally indicated by numbers—the higher the number, the harder the reed. Below are common alto saxophone reed models and their characteristics:  

1. Reed Classification (by Hardness)  
• No. 2: Softer, suitable for beginners or players with weaker breath control, as they are easier to produce sound.  
• No. 2.5: The most commonly used model, moderately soft/hard, suitable for most players, especially recommended for beginners.  
• No. 3: Slightly harder, requiring stronger breath control, suitable for players with some experience.  
• No. 3.5 and above: Harder, typically used for professional performances or specific styles (e.g., classical music).  

2. Checking the Reed Edge and Symmetry  
◦ The slope of the reed edge (rail) should be even, avoiding one side being thicker than the other.  
◦ The center of the reed should be thicker, with its shadow blending naturally into the inverted "U"-shaped bright area.  
◦ The "U"-shaped curve formed by the reed shoulder should be symmetrical, with neither side being noticeably larger or smaller (ensuring even thickness on both sides).  

3. Assessing Reed Maturity and Material  
◦ Press the reed stalk with your thumbnail: If it doesn’t indent at all, the reed is too old; if it leaves a deep mark and feels too soft, the reed is too young; a slight indentation with elasticity indicates ideal maturity.  
◦ Observe the cross-section of the reed base (butt) and select reeds with appropriately sized fibers.  

II. Reed Adjustment  
Adjusting reeds requires understanding their characteristics and is relatively challenging, requiring repeated practice. It is recommended to begin adjustments only after the reed has been used for a few days (when its properties stabilize). Make minor adjustments (adjust a little, test a little) to avoid over-correction, which is difficult to undo.  

1. Tools Needed for Reed Adjustment  
• Small flat glass plate  
• Single-edge razor blade  
• Fine sandpaper  
• Reed trimmer  
• Other auxiliary tools  

2. Adjusting a Reed That Is Too Soft  

Trimming the Reed Tip: Before trimming, thoroughly soak the reed. Remove only a tiny amount at a time and test the effect immediately after each cut.  

After trimming, adjust the tip shape to match the curvature of the mouthpiece. Round the corners of the tip—using a reed trimmer is recommended.  

Adjusting a Reed That Is Too Hard  
This is mainly done by scraping the reed surface, following these rules:  

Key Points for Scraping  
◦ The central area of the reed is the "heart" and should not be altered carelessly.  
◦ Start scraping from the center of the reed, gradually and evenly moving toward the sides and tip.  
◦ Maintain an arc transition where the center is thicker and the edges thinner. The scraped surface should be smooth, without obvious scratches or blade marks.  

Checking and Balancing Softness/Hardness on Both Sides  
If the two sides of the reed are uneven in hardness, prioritize scraping the harder side until balanced. Methods for checking:  
◦ While playing, rotate the mouthpiece left and right in your mouth so only one side of the reed vibrates, comparing the effort required for each side.  
◦ Observe the reed tip under strong light to assess whether the softness/hardness is balanced based on the brightness/darkness of the reed surface.  

Precision Adjustments for Different Registers  
The thickness of different parts of the reed affects the sound production in high, middle, and low registers. Once you understand how each area influences these registers, you can scrape the reed accordingly. This avoids haphazard adjustments that could damage the reed while meeting personal tonal preferences, achieving twice the result with half the effort.  

III. Reed Maintenance  
Proper maintenance can extend the life of your reeds:  

Avoid Physical Damage: Never touch the reed tip during use to prevent cracks or chipping. Always put the mouthpiece cap on when not in use.  

Understanding Natural Phenomena: Before the reed is wet or after drying, the tip may appear wavy due to uneven fiber absorption. This will flatten naturally when wet and is not a quality issue.  

Preventing Deformation: When not in use, place the flat side of the reed against a flat surface to avoid warping or deformation at the front.